The hottest gravitational wave may solve the probl

Gravitational waves may solve the problem of Hubble constant and even reveal the fate of the universe.

according to foreign media reports, a new study says that by analyzing the ripples produced by dead stars in the space and time structure - that is, gravitational waves - scientists may soon be able to solve the mystery of the expansion speed of the universe, if they are lucky enough. Researchers say the new study may also reveal the ultimate fate of the universe

the universe has been expanding since its birth 13.8 billion years ago. In order to measure the current expansion rate of the universe, scientists need to determine the Hubble constant, so as to calculate the age of the universe and the details of the current state of the universe. They can even use Hubble constant to try to understand the future fate of the universe, such as whether it will expand forever, collapse or fall apart

gravitational waves may solve the problem of Hubble constant and even reveal the fate of the universe

scientists mainly use two methods to measure Hubble constant. One is to monitor nearby celestial bodies and estimate their distance, so as to calculate the expansion rate of the universe. Scientists have learned a lot about the properties of these objects, such as supernova explosions and pulsating variables such as Cepheids. Another way is to focus on the cosmic microwave background radiation, which is the residual radiation of the big bang. By analyzing the change of cosmic microwave background radiation with time, the rate of cosmic expansion can be calculated

however, these two methods produce two different results on the value of Hubble constant, resulting in different cosmic expansion rates. The data of cosmic microwave background radiation shows that the universe is currently expanding at a rate of 67 kilometers per 3.26 million light-years per second, while the data of supernova explosion and Cepheid variable star show that the rate of cosmic expansion is every 32 per second. We will focus on the development of high-performance permanent magnet materials represented by neodymium iron boron permanent magnets and new high abundance rare earth permanent magnet materials, rare earth catalytic materials for industrial denitration and automotive exhaust purification and treatment, amorphous alloys New rare earth phosphors and high-performance hydrogen storage materials are 60000 light-years and 73 kilometers away

this difference shows that the standard universe model - scientists' understanding of the structure and history of the universe - to build intelligent strategic networks in various regions - may be wrong. If we can solve this debate, which is called the "Hubble constant conflict", it may bring new clues to reveal the evolution of the universe and its ultimate fate

in the new research, physicists pointed out that the data obtained from future gravitational wave research may help solve this problem. Stephen Feeney, an astrophysicist at the flatiron Institute in New York, the first author of the study, said: "the Hubble constant conflict is the most obvious implication of the incompleteness of our existing universe model, but this problem is expected to be solved in 5 to 10 years."

according to Einstein's general theory of relativity, gravity is the result of mass distorting space-time. When any object with mass moves, it will now produce gravitational waves that can travel at the speed of light and stretch and squeeze space-time all the way

gravitational waves are very weak, and scientists did not detect the evidence of gravitational waves for the first time until 2016. In 2017, scientists detected the gravitational wave generated by the collision of neutron stars. Neutron stars come from stellar debris that died in supernova explosions. If stellar debris is not massive enough to collapse into black holes, they will eventually become neutron stars. The name of neutron stars comes from their strong enough gravitation to squeeze protons and electrons together to form neutrons

unlike black holes, neutron stars emit visible light, and so do their collisions. The gravitational waves generated by these collisions are called "standard sirens", which can help scientists determine their distance from the earth; The light emitted by the collision helps determine their speed relative to the earth. Using these two sets of data, researchers can calculate the Hubble constant. According to the estimation of fini and his colleagues, analyzing the collisions of about 50 pairs of neutron stars in the next 5 to 10 years may be able to obtain enough data to determine the accurate measurement value of Hubble constant

however, this estimation also depends on the frequency of neutron star collisions. "There is considerable uncertainty about the incidence of neutron star mergers. After all, we have only observed once so far," fini said. "If we are very lucky to see one, and the merger event is much rarer than we think, it will take longer than we said in the article to observe a neutron star merger event that is sufficient to explain the Hubble constant conflict."

fini said that gravitational waves may eventually support a certain value of Hubble constant rather than another value, but it may also bring a third value of Hubble constant. If this happens, it may bring new knowledge about the behavior of supernovae, Cepheids or neutron stars. The details of this study were published in the Physical Review Letters on February 14. The elasticity can reach five times that of steel